This article explores the potential use the Human Rights Act 1998 in the field of mental health. It is the text of the Paul Sieghart Memorial Lecture, presented at the British Institute of Human Rights on 7 July 2004. Some later developments are noted in the footnotes. The editors of CFLQ wish to thank and acknowledge the Journal of Mental Health Law (published by Northumbria Law Press (Northumbria University Law School)) for permission to publish this article.